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Wang Chuanshan’s determination to protect and expand the justification of “things are sensible”
Author: Peng Shihua (produced by Ningbo Marxist School of Major Studies)
Source: “My character and civilization” 2022 Issue 4
Abstract: Wang Chuanshan made his move from the “hidden” ethics, and he protected the correctness of “hidden” from the differences in the emotional foundation between the son and the minister, the difference between serving the father and serving the king, and the differences between father and son and the relationship between the king and the minister. Not only this, Wang Chuanshan also analyzed the ethical essence of “governance and escaping the grace of the gate” through the analysis of the classic case of “escape from the door”, and further expanded the ethical contradiction of “the sign of Shun” and “the image of Zhou Gong’s management and Cai” by comparing the ethical contradiction of “the relationship between relatives and greatness” and further expanded the issue of “the relationship between relatives and relatives”. In other words, Wang Chuanshan District divided the family ethics with the principle of filial piety and favor, and the political ethics with the principle of fairness and justice, criticized the ethics of filial piety and opposed serving the king by serving the father. These in-depth insights still have the main meaning for the emphasis on the family ethics of China today.
Keywords: Wang Chuanshan; relatives are close; escape with negligence; governance within the door; governance outside the door
The richest modern Chinese philosophicalBaobao.com The philosopher Wang Chuanshan, who has learned in-depth and thoughtful thinking, talks about the focus concepts of “hidden” and “straight” in Chinese traditional family ethics. The classical affairs “escape with a negative” are analyzed philosophically, and have developed family ethics that emphasize key elements such as filial piety, ignorance, and favor, and have given principles such as “equality and hindrance”, “concealment of grace within the door” and classical cases of “escape with a negative” with a new ethics. Chuanshan separated “filial piety” from “loyalty”, opposing the attitude of serving the king with the attitude of serving the father, and preventing the ethics of “filial piety”. Chuanshan also distinguishes the ideological connotation of “separate relationship” and “majority”, so that the family ethics of “governance within the door” are different from the political ethics of “governance outside the door”.
1. The ethics of “名” Su Hua Han
“名” Records:
名” by Ye Gong: Confucius said: “There is a straight man in my party who bows straight, and his father robs the sheep, and his son dictates it.” Confucius said: “The straight man in my party is different, so the father is obsessed with the son, and the son is obsessed with the father, and it is directly in this.” (“名·Zi Lu”)
In this regard, there are two points of understanding of the focus of “Online Notes and Comments”. First, “There is such a slander. It is said that the sheep comes to your own family and the father takes it, and the son tells the lord who lost the sheep and proves the father’s slander” [1] (201). Second, “If a son has had a past, the father is obsessed with it, he is kind; if a father has had past, the son is obsessed with it, he is filial. Filial piety and kindness are loyal, loyalty is straight, so it is said that straightness is in this place” [1] (201). Funchyama pointed out the ethical implications of two key points for this. First, he believed that “the father is a son who is a son who is a father who is a son” is human nature and “it is a natural expression of emotion that cannot be ignored, and without any use of it” [2] (750) is a natural expression of emotion. People also believe that the mutual behavior between father and son is natural and will not be held responsible. Because “the law is in the country and the public is in the country” [2] (751), there is no obligation between ordinary people, especially between father and son, that cannot be revealed. If a crime is committed, it will be handled by the national legal person, and if the long and short-term are committed, it will be discussed by the national legal person. Allowing father and son to be intimate is the maintenance and respect for the relationship between father and son, because the mutual exposure between father and son is a great harm to the “father and son relationship”. The relationship between father and son is the foundation of the relationship between monarch and subjects and even other social relations. If a relationship between father and son is in trouble, then the moral foundation of the entire society will be destroyed. Second, the meaning of “something” [1] is “there are some teachings that give good things first, and they are not polite and evil in order to succeed later” [2] (751). The moral behavior of the hidden person seeks to be tactfully told to his father in a tactful way. In this way, he can “full his unbearable feelings” and thus achieve “the opposite is unique but shameless” [2] (751).
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Not only this, Chuanshan also reminded in “Waiting for Explanation” that “Hide” has the following three meanings.
First, clarify the misunderstanding of “hidden”, “hidden is not jealous, but silently without saying anything.” Chuanshan opened the Ming Dynasty and pointed out that the understanding of the word “direct” is also very important, and it is not difficult to attract people to enter birds and other animals. Funchyama Akira confirmed that the behavior of “certifying his father to rob the sheep” was “to be straight but not to know how to be straight”, and “direct love behavior” [3] (487) that “is rejected by the gifts”. Many people made this mistake. MaBaobao’s recommendationKess Vober believed: “Straight, this kind of virtue also limits the provisions of gifts. It is not only necessary to be filial piety first. In order to be as filial as possible, you can expose your responsibilities when you need it.” [4] (213) This understanding of Viber is problematic. “In order to be as filial as possible, you can expose your rights when you need it” is a misunderstanding of the doubt, and it is correct.The understanding should be “in order to be as filial as possible, you can silently and not speak when necessary.” Chuanshan clearly stated: “It is not a silence, but silent but not speaking. It is not about using nothing to do, but using soap to make white. Therefore, it is said that it is used to deceive each other.” [3] (487) It is not about using nothing to do something to make white, and using soap to make white. It is not about intentional fake facts to deceive others (so it is said that it is used to deceive each other). It is called silent but not talking, which has nothing to do with sin and evil. What Max Veber said was “to use nothing to be possessed, to use soap to be white”, which was exactly what Chuanshan decided to oppose.
Secondly, hind is not just a proper behavior that occurs between father and son, but can even be reduced as a broad principle to “to treat the whole country and discuss the whole country.” “If you don’t speak, you don’t speak, you don’t speak, so why is it wrong to be a rude evil!” [3] (487) Chuanshan Lichen “If you don’t speak, you don’t speak” has broad moral integrity. Because in Chuanshan, everyone’s sex and division of labor in society are different. If others fight against the sheep, they will also have their own evidence (public staff). Even if no one gives a name for a name, it will be hindered, because “the length of the money is greater than the public opinion” [3] (487), the public will have their own opinions on the length of the matter involved. In Chuanshan’s view, “the public servant of the whole country” is the main standard for judging length and shortness. The judgment on whether the behavior of “hidden” can be moral and fair is “the shortness of the public servant of the whole country is not the same as me” [3] (487). If you can achieve such hiddenness, that is, you will see the straight body. It can be seen that Chuanshan not only believes that when the law and the relationship are in conflict, it should be fairly respected and cared for the most basic emotions of the human category to prevent it from harm and damage. It also believes that even when the law and the relationship are in conflict, it is natural to maintain the relationship locally. This is respect and protection for people. Because ethical morality is the key point of civilization in a civilized society, when laws and ethical morality conflict with ethical morality, we must adhere
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